Agreeing with Anne Applebaum tends to worry me. Her book Gulag is well regarded (Pulitzer Prize, for example), but I found that the closer it got to the present day and events that I knew a fair amount about, the more tendentious and rightward-slanted I thought her account. That made me uncertain about the earlier parts of the book. She’s published a large amount of reporting and opinion, which in my view also ranges from further right than I agree with to tendentious misreading of events and deliberate misconstruing opposing positions. But credit where credit is due: in Autocracy, Inc. she offers a clear-eyed assessment of the kleptocratic dictators who rule numerous and occasionally important countries, and who would like to extend their influence over a much greater swathe of the world. Some are notionally leftist, such as Nicolás Maduro of Venezuela; others are unabashedly rightist, such as Vladimir Putin; traits that they share include contempt for liberal democracy, commitment to using state resources for personal enrichment, indifference to the lives of their countries’ citizens, and a willingness to support and learn from fellow autocrats.

Autocracy, Inc. zips through the background, examples and ideas in 150 pages. In the book’s final 25 pages, Applebaum describes what she thinks citizens can do to stop Autocracy Incorporated. This brevity and directness are two of the book’s virtues. Though it describes how global interdependence has been turned into a weapon by this era’s autocrats, it is not a scholarly tome, nor even an accessible version of academic work on the subject. While I think Oilver Bullough is a better storyteller, his two books on autocracy-adjacent subjects — Moneyland and Butler to the World — have a more narrow focus. Applebaum is painting the big picture. Further, both of Bullough’s books pre-date Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. That war has tightened connections among the autocrats and sped up their learning, and Applebaum’s account is a better description of the current situation.
Applebaum gives her readers one of the key insights right at the beginning: contemporary dictators are no longer stand-alone villains. Though there is no overarching ideology as there was among Communists during the Cold War, the autocrats work with each other for mutual benefit. They may be more a syndicate than a corporation, but the different branches of Autocracy Inc. know they have more in common with each other than any of them do with liberal democracies, and they act on that knowledge. That makes overturning any one of them difficult for strictly domestic opposition.
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